Introduction

The presence of women as both spectators and participants in the gladiatorial games (munera) signified the burgeoning coexistence of sensuality and brutality in the Roman psyche. On the cusp of the imperial period, Rome stood as a monument to its dichotomous social order. Class conflict marred the political landscape, and Augustus (63 B.C. to 14 … Read more

Intro-Combat Sports in Egypt

Lasting from 3050 BCE to 332 CE, the kingdoms of ancient Egypt represent today one of the most prolific and intriguing civilizations in history.  The combined art, architecture, and mythology from this vast period are remarkably well preserved and offer valuable insights into the nature of everyday life for Egyptians and their rulers.  As a … Read more